Medical and Health

Chikungunya: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne viral disease that has re‑emerged over the past two decades as a major global public health concern. Although rarely fatal, chikungunya can cause intense fever and debilitating joint pain that may persist for months or even years, significantly affecting quality of life. Outbreaks have been reported across Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas, often overwhelming healthcare systems during peak transmission seasons. Because its symptoms overlap with other mosquito‑borne illnesses such as dengue and Zika, chikungunya is often misunderstood or misdiagnosed. Chikungunya: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and Mosquito-Borne Virus Awareness What Is Chikungunya? Chikungunya is a viral infection caused by the chikungunya virus (CHIKV) , which belongs to the Alphavirus genus of the Togaviridae family. The name “chikungunya” originates from a word in the Makonde language meaning “to become contorted” , describi...

Managing asthma effectively requires constant awareness of your lung function . A peak flow meter is a simple, yet essential tool that helps monitor asthma by measuring the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) — the maximum speed at which air can be exhaled from the lungs. Using it correctly allows people with asthma, parents of children with asthma, and healthcare providers to detect early signs of airway narrowing and prevent serious attacks.  What Is a Peak Flow Meter? A peak flow meter is a small, handheld device that measures the speed of exhalation . Unlike a spirometer used in hospitals, peak flow meters are portable and designed for daily home use. A peak flow meter is a simple, handheld device that helps track your lung function, complementing other  asthma management and monitoring   strategies. Why it matters: Helps detect early signs of asthma flare-ups before symptoms appear Tracks daily lung function for better treatment adjustments Encourages patients to tak...

Chickenpox, medically known as varicella , is a highly contagious viral infection that primarily affects children but can also occur in adolescents and adults. Although often considered a mild childhood illness, chickenpox can cause significant discomfort and, in some cases, serious complications—especially in adults, pregnant women, newborns, and individuals with weakened immune systems. Before the widespread use of vaccination, chickenpox was nearly universal during childhood. Today, thanks to immunization programs, the incidence and severity of the disease have declined substantially in many parts of the world. However, chickenpox remains an important public health topic, particularly in regions with low vaccination coverage. For readers interested in other common dermatological infections, see Common Skin Diseases and Infections . Chickenpox (Varicella) – Causes, Symptoms, Rash Stages, Treatment & Prevention What Is Chickenpox? Chickenpox is an acute infectious disease caused ...

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) is a severe and chronic form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) that affects a woman’s emotional, physical, and psychological well-being in a profound way. While many women experience mild discomfort or mood changes before their periods, PMDD goes far beyond normal premenstrual symptoms. It can interfere with work, relationships, self-esteem, and overall quality of life. Despite its seriousness, PMDD is often misunderstood, misdiagnosed, or dismissed , leaving many women feeling unheard or unsupported. Understanding PMDD—its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment—can be life-changing for those affected. Some physical symptoms of PMDD may overlap with menstrual conditions like  Dysmenorrhea . Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD): Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options What Is Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)? Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder is a hormone-related mood disorder that occurs during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle ...

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disorder that primarily affects the joints. It is characterized by pain, swelling, stiffness, and progressive joint damage . Unlike other conditions such as osteoarthritis   or gout , RA is systemic, meaning it can also impact other organs, including the heart, lungs, and eyes. Early diagnosis and effective management are essential to prevent long-term complications and maintain quality of life. Individuals with RA are at a higher risk of developing secondary health complications , including cardiovascular disease, lung disorders, and osteoporosis. Women, especially in younger and middle age, are more commonly affected. The disease occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own tissues , targeting joints and potentially other organs. Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Complications - Educational Medical Infographic Causes of Rheumatoid Arthritis The exact cause of RA is still u...

Cellulitis is a common bacterial skin infection affecting the deeper layers of the skin , including the dermis and subcutaneous tissues . It can occur anywhere but is most frequently seen on the lower legs . If left untreated, cellulitis can spread rapidly , leading to severe complications including systemic infections. This comprehensive guide provides a detailed overview of cellulitis , including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, complications, prevention, and FAQs. Cellulitis: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Risk Factors – Educational Medical Illustration What Is Cellulitis? Cellulitis is an acute bacterial infection of the skin and underlying tissues , typically caused by Streptococcus or Staphylococcus species. Unlike superficial infections like acne or eczema , cellulitis affects deeper skin layers , which makes it more dangerous if not treated promptly. Key characteristics of cellulitis: Redness and warmth of the affected area Swelling and tenderness Rapid onset tha...