Medical and Health

The common cold is one of the most widespread respiratory infections worldwide. It is caused by viruses, most often rhinoviruses, and while usually mild, it can cause discomfort and disrupt daily activities. Understanding its causes, symptoms, and management is important to reduce its spread and avoid complications. Though a cold is generally less severe than influenza (flu), it shares some overlapping symptoms, such as sore throat, nasal congestion, and mild fever . Early recognition and proper care help you recover faster. How the Common Cold Spreads Colds are highly contagious and spread in several ways: Airborne droplets: When an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks, virus-laden droplets can reach others. Direct contact: Shaking hands or touching contaminated surfaces, then touching your face, can transmit the virus. Close environments: Schools, offices, and public transport are common places for cold transmission. The common cold is part of the broader respiratory tract i...

Cholera: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment & Prevention Cholera is an acute diarrheal infection caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae . It remains a significant public health concern in regions with poor sanitation, limited access to clean water, and overcrowded living conditions . Though preventable and treatable, cholera can quickly become life-threatening if not addressed promptly, primarily due to severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalances . The word “cholera” has its origins in the Greek word chole , meaning bile, as the disease was historically associated with gastrointestinal disturbances. Outbreaks of cholera have historically caused widespread epidemics , shaping public health policies and sanitation systems across the world. Understanding the disease — from its causes and transmission to treatment and prevention — is crucial for both individuals and communities. Cholera exemplifies how environmental, microbial, and social factors converge to affect human heal...

Menopause is a natural phase in a woman’s life, marking the end of menstrual cycles and the transition from reproductive to non-reproductive years. It is often accompanied by a variety of physical, emotional, and psychological changes, and can significantly affect daily life. Understanding what menopause is, its stages, symptoms, and management strategies empowers women to navigate this phase with confidence and comfort. Some symptoms of menopause may overlap with  Dysmenorrhea   or other menstrual disorders. What Is Menopause? Menopause is defined as the permanent cessation of menstruation for 12 consecutive months, usually occurring between 45 and 55 years of age , though timing varies widely. It is a natural biological process rather than a disease. Menopause marks the end of fertility due to decreased ovarian hormone production, mainly estrogen and progesterone . During this transition, women may experience hot flashes, night sweats, mood swings, vaginal dryness, and s...