Urinary Incontinence (UI) & Its Types
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| Common Types Of Urinary Incontinence |
Urinary Incontinence
Urinary incontinence (UI) is characterized as the disorder of compulsory spillage of urine. Urinary incontinence is the point at which an individual can't keep pee from spilling out. It is often joined by other irksome lower bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms such as urgency, increased daytime frequency, and nocturia.
Types Of Urinary Incontinence
So, there are six main types of urinary incontinence. Here, we’ll discuss each type of urinary incontinence in detail.
Acute Incontinence
Urinary incontinence that is of relatively recent onset or associated with an acute medical problem should prompt a review for reversible factors. These include the following:
- Cystitis, atrophic vaginitis, and urethritis
- Heart failure
- Polyuria from diabetes
- Delirium and acute confusional states
- Immobility
- Medication side effects
The common type of acute incontinence is discussed below,
Drug-Induced Urinary Incontinence
Several medications are associated with acute-onset urinary incontinence including, diuretics, α-adrenergic agonists (e.g., pseudoephedrine), α-adrenergic antagonists (e.g., terazosin), anticholinergics, and neuroleptics.
Persistent Urinary Incontinence
Urethral Underactivity (Stress Urinary Incontinence)
A few patients distinctively experience urinary incontinence during exertional activities like exercise, running, lifting, hacking, giggling, and sniffling. This suggests that the compromised urethral sphincter is presently not ready to oppose the progression of pee from the bladder during times of active work. Increments in intra-stomach pressure during active work are sent to the bladder (an intra-stomach organ), compacting it and constraining pee through the debilitated sphincter.
Stress incontinence is partitioned into two subtypes. In urethral hypermobility, the bladder and urethra shift descending when stomach pressure rises, and there is no longer like help for the urethra to be compacted against to keep it shut. In inherent sphincter inadequacy, issues in the urinary sphincter meddle with a full conclusion or permit the sphincter to bust open under tension.
This sort of UI is known as stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Albeit the specific etiology of urethral under activity and SUI in the lady is not completely understood, unmistakably recognizable danger factors incorporate pregnancy, labor, menopause, cognitive impairment, heftiness, and age. The predominance of SUI in ladies seems to top during or after the beginning of menopause. This infers that hormonal elements are significant in keeping up with self-restraint.
Age is similarly a factor in SUI. As a lady gets more established, the muscles in her pelvic floor and urethra debilitate, and it takes less pressing factor for the urethra to open and permit spillage. Estrogen can moreover expect some part, regardless of the way that it isn't clear how a great deal. Numerous ladies don't encounter indications until after menopause.
In men, SUI is most generally the consequence of earlier lower urinary tract surgery or injury, with coming about a compromise of the sphincter component inside and outer to the urethra. Extremist prostatectomy for the treatment of adenocarcinoma of the prostate is presumably the most well-known setting in which surgical manipulation prompts UI. Generally, SUI in the male is remarkable, and without earlier prostate medical procedures, serious injury, or neurologic disease, is exceptionally uncommon. Transurethral resection of the prostate for harmless prostatic hyperplasia may likewise prompt SUI in men.
Lung conditions that cause continuous hacking/coughing, like emphysema and cystic fibrosis, can likewise add to stress incontinence in all kinds of people.
Bladder Overactivity (Urge Urinary Incontinence)
Bladder overactivity including bladder filling and urinary storage portrayed by compulsory bladder withdrawals is named urge urinary incontinence (UUI). Clinical indications of bladder overactivity happen because the detrusor muscle is overactive and contracts improperly during the filling stage.
The side effects or symptoms brought about by the overactive bladder are normally urinary recurrence, desperation, and urge incontinence. Recurrence is characterized as exhausting the bladder more regularly than eight times each day. Desperation is portrayed as an unexpected, powerful urge to pee. Individuals experiencing bladder overactivity commonly need to purge their bladders oftentimes, and when they experience an impression of earnestness, they might spill pee in case they can't arrive at the latrine rapidly or on the other hand if the vibe of criticalness is exceptionally strong.
Numerous patients may likewise have related nocturia (>2 micturitions each night) or potentially nighttime incontinence (enuresis). The measure of pee lost might be huge, as the bladder might purge totally. Sleep might be upset, as the need to void might be capable during the evening. Nocturia and enuresis are frequently especially problematic.
Most patients with overactive bladder and UUI have no recognizable basic etiology. Indeed, the most widely recognized reason for bladder overactivity and UUI is "idiopathic." Recognizable danger factors for UUI incorporate normal aging, neurologic sickness (counting stroke, Parkinson's infection, multiple sclerosis, and spinal cord injury), and bladder outlet blockage (e.g., because of harmless prostatic hyperplasia [BPH] or prostate malignant growth/ cancer).
The mechanism for bladder overactivity must be either neurogenic or myogenic. The neurogenic hypothesis ascribes the overactive bladder and UUI to disease-related changes within the central or peripheral nervous system. The myogenic hypothesis states that an overactive bladder and UUI result from changes within the smooth muscle of the bladder wall itself.
Precipitating factors such as bladder outlet obstruction can cause partial denervation of smooth muscle, leading to a state of decreased responsiveness to activation of intrinsic nerves, but supersensitivity to contractile agonists and direct electrical activation. However, in practice, UUI is difficult to categorize as either neurogenic or myogenic in origin, as these etiologies often seem to be interconnected and complementary.
Mixed Urinary Incontinence
Different kinds of UI might coincide in a similar patient. The blend of bladder overactivity and urethral under activity is named mixed incontinence. This is regularly a troublesome finding to make as a result of the frequently confounding exhibit of introducing indications. Bladder overactivity may likewise coincide with weakened bladder contractility. This is generally normal in the old and is named detrusor hyperactivity with weakened contractility.
Different kinds of urinary incontinence might exist together in a similar patient. In mixed incontinence, the mix of bladder overactivity and urethral under activity exists. This is frequently a troublesome finding to make on account of the regularly befuddling exhibit of introducing indications. Bladder overactivity exists in the mix with disabled bladder contractility. This is generally normal in the older and is named detrusor hyperactivity with disabled contractility.
Maybe, in patients with conditions like dementia or cognitive or mobility deficits, the UI is connected to the essential illness measure more than any extraneous or natural deficiency of the lower urinary tract. An illustration of utilitarian incontinence happens in the postoperative muscular medical procedure patient. Following broad muscular reproductions like absolute hip arthroplasty, patients are regularly fixed auxiliary to torment or traction.
Therefore the patient may be unable to access toileting facilities for a reasonable period and may become incontinent as a result. The treatment of this type of UI may involve only placing a urinal or cabinet at the bedside that allows for simplified access to toileting.
At long last, many localized or systemic ailments may likewise bring about UI as a result of their impacts on the lower urinary parcel or the encompassing structures, including:
- Dementia/delirium
- Depression
- Urinary tract infection (cystitis)
- Postmenopausal atrophic urethritis or vaginitis
- Diabetes mellitus
- Neurologic disease (e.g., stroke, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, or spinal cord injury)
- Pelvic malignancy
- Constipation
- Congenital malformations
Overflow Incontinence
Overflow incontinence happens when the heaviness of pee in an extended bladder conquers outlet opposition. Spillage of limited quantities of pee is normal for the day and night. The patient might grumble of reluctance, reduced and intruded on flow, a need to strain to void, and a feeling of incomplete emptying.
Functional Incontinence
Functional incontinence happens when an individual can't or is reluctant to arrive at the toilet to pee. Normal causes are musculoskeletal problems, muscle shortcomings that impeded mental status, utilization of actual limitations, mental disability, ecological boundaries, and meds (e.g., tranquilizers, neuroleptics).
FAQs About Common Types Of Urinary Incontinence
What is urinary incontinence?Urinary incontinence is a disease that causes the uncontrollable leakage of urine from the bladder. It causes inadvertent pee leakage, which can range in severity from mild occasional leaks to more significant and persistent episodes. It can affect people of all ages and genders. It is caused by a variety of factors, such as weak pelvic muscles, nerve problems, or underlying medical issues. It can affect people of all ages and genders. It is caused by a variety of factors, such as weak pelvic muscles, nerve problems, or underlying medical issues. It can affect people of all ages and genders.
What are the different types of urinary incontinence?
There are several types, including stress incontinence, urge incontinence, overflow incontinence, functional incontinence, and mixed incontinence. Each has unique causes and characteristics.
What is stress incontinence?
Stress incontinence occurs when physical activities like coughing, sneezing, laughing, or exercising cause urine leakage due to weakened pelvic floor muscles or urethral sphincter.
What is urge incontinence?
Urge incontinence, also known as overactive bladder, involves a sudden, intense urge to urinate, often resulting in leakage before reaching a restroom. It's usually caused by bladder muscle contractions.
What is overflow incontinence?
Overflow incontinence occurs when the bladder doesn't empty fully, causing it to overflow and lead to urine leakage. This can result from blockages or weak bladder muscles.
What is functional incontinence?
Functional incontinence happens when physical or mental impairments, such as mobility issues or cognitive deficits, make it challenging for a person to reach a toilet in time.
What is mixed incontinence?
A mixture of two or more forms of urine incontinence is known as mixed incontinence, with urge and stress incontinence frequently occurring at the same time.
Is urinary incontinence a common problem?
Yes, urinary incontinence is relatively common, especially among older adults, but it can affect people of all ages. It's essential to seek medical advice if it disrupts daily life.
Can urinary incontinence be treated or managed?
Yes, many treatment options are available, including lifestyle changes, pelvic floor exercises (Kegels), medications, and surgical interventions. The choice of treatment depends on the type and severity of incontinence.
When should I seek medical help for urinary incontinence?
It is advised to speak with a healthcare physician if you have urine incontinence that is unpleasant or chronic. They can identify the root cause and suggest the best courses of action.