Pink Eye (Conjunctivitis): Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

Pink eye, medically known as conjunctivitis, is a common eye condition that causes redness, irritation, and discharge in one or both eyes. It occurs when the conjunctiva—the thin, transparent membrane covering the white part of the eye and lining the inner eyelids—becomes inflamed.

Although pink eye is often mild, some forms are highly contagious, making early diagnosis and proper care essential to prevent complications and spread.

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What Is Pink Eye (Conjunctivitis)?

Pink eye develops when the delicate blood vessels in the conjunctiva become irritated or swollen. This inflammation gives the eye its characteristic pink or red appearance.

It may:

• Start in one eye
  In many cases, especially viral infections, pink eye begins in one eye and spreads to the other through touch or shared items.

• Affect both eyes at the same time
  Allergic conjunctivitis usually impacts both eyes simultaneously because allergens affect the body systemically.

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Types and Causes of Pink Eye

Identifying the underlying cause is important because each type requires a different treatment approach.

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1. Viral Conjunctivitis

• Caused by common viruses
  Most viral cases are linked to adenoviruses, which also cause colds and respiratory infections.

• Highly contagious
  The infection spreads easily through direct contact, shared towels, or contaminated hands.

• Often linked to cold symptoms
  Patients may also experience a sore throat, runny nose, or mild fever.

• Watery eye discharge
  Unlike bacterial infections, viral pink eye usually produces clear, watery discharge rather than pus.

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2. Bacterial Conjunctivitis

• Caused by bacteria such as Staphylococcus or Streptococcus
  These bacteria commonly live on the skin and can infect the eye when hygiene is poor.

• Thick yellow or green discharge
  The discharge may cause eyelids to stick together, especially after sleep.

• More common in children
  Children are more likely to touch their eyes frequently and share personal items.

• Contagious but treatable
  With proper antibiotic treatment, symptoms often improve quickly.

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3. Allergic Conjunctivitis

• Triggered by allergens
  Pollen, dust mites, pet dander, and mold are common triggers.

• Not contagious
  This form occurs due to the body’s immune response, not infection.

• Usually affects both eyes
  Because allergens circulate in the air, both eyes are exposed at the same time.

• Intense itching and tearing
  Itching is a key symptom that helps distinguish allergic conjunctivitis from other types.

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4. Irritant or Chemical Conjunctivitis

• Caused by exposure to irritants
  Smoke, chlorine, air pollution, or chemical splashes can irritate the eye surface.

• Immediate discomfort
  Symptoms usually begin shortly after exposure and include burning or stinging.

• Not infectious
  Once the irritant is removed and the eye is rinsed, symptoms often improve.

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5. Newborn Conjunctivitis

• Occurs in newborn babies
  This condition may develop due to blocked tear ducts or exposure to bacteria during childbirth.

• Requires urgent medical care
  Early treatment is critical to prevent damage to the baby’s vision.

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Common Symptoms of Pink Eye

Symptoms vary depending on the cause but often include:

• Red or pink appearance of the eye
  This occurs due to inflamed blood vessels in the conjunctiva.

• Itching or burning sensation
  Particularly common in allergic and irritant conjunctivitis.

• Watery or thick discharge
  Clear discharge is typical of viral infections, while thick discharge suggests bacterial infection.

• Crusting around eyelids
  Dried discharge can cause eyelids to stick together after sleeping.

• Swollen eyelids
  Inflammation may cause puffiness, especially in the morning.

• Gritty or foreign body sensation
  Many patients describe feeling as if sand is trapped in the eye.

• Mild sensitivity to light
  Bright light may feel uncomfortable during active inflammation.

Severe pain or vision loss is not normal and needs immediate medical attention.

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Diagnosis of Pink Eye

Doctors usually diagnose pink eye based on:

• Medical history
  Questions about symptoms, recent infections, and exposure help identify the cause.

• Physical eye examination
  The appearance of discharge and redness provides important clues.

In rare cases, lab tests may be needed if symptoms are severe or persistent.

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Treatment Options

Treatment depends entirely on the type of conjunctivitis.

Viral Pink Eye

• Self-limiting condition
  Most cases resolve on their own within 1–2 weeks.

• Supportive care
  Cold compresses and artificial tears help relieve discomfort.

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Bacterial Pink Eye

• Antibiotic eye drops or ointments
  These help eliminate the bacteria and reduce contagiousness.

• Rapid improvement
  Symptoms often begin to improve within a few days of treatment.

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Allergic Pink Eye

• Anti-allergy eye drops
  Antihistamines reduce itching, redness, and swelling.

• Avoidance of triggers
  Limiting exposure to allergens helps prevent recurrence.

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When to See a Doctor

Consult a healthcare professional if you experience:

• Severe eye pain
  This may indicate a more serious eye condition.

• Blurred or reduced vision
  Vision changes should never be ignored.

• Symptoms lasting over a week
  Persistent symptoms may require prescription treatment.

• Pink eye in newborns
  Babies need prompt medical evaluation.

Home Remedies for Pink Eye (Supportive Home Care)

Many people look for home remedies for pink eye to ease discomfort and support healing. While these measures do not cure the infection, they can help relieve symptoms and prevent further irritation.

• Cold or warm compresses
  Cold compresses help reduce redness and itching, while warm compresses can soften crusted discharge and soothe eyelids.

• Gentle eye cleaning
  Cleaning discharge with clean cotton and lukewarm water helps keep the eyes comfortable and reduces irritation.

• Avoid rubbing the eyes
  Rubbing can worsen inflammation and spread infection from one eye to the other.

• Artificial tears
  Lubricating eye drops relieve dryness and the gritty sensation commonly associated with pink eye.

• Stop contact lens use
  Avoid contact lenses until the eyes fully heal to prevent reinfection and irritation.

• Good hand hygiene
  Frequent handwashing reduces the risk of spreading pink eye to others.

⚠️ If symptoms worsen, last more than a week, or occur in newborns, medical evaluation is necessary.

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Prevention Tips

• Wash hands regularly
  Proper hand hygiene reduces the risk of spreading infection.

• Avoid touching your eyes
  Hands can transfer germs directly to the eye surface.

• Do not share personal items
  Towels, pillows, and eye makeup can carry infectious agents.

• Replace eye makeup after infection
  Old cosmetics may harbor bacteria and cause reinfection.

For medical accuracy, refer to Medline Plus or Mayo Clinic eye health resources.

Final Thoughts

Pink eye is common and usually treatable with proper care. Understanding the cause, maintaining good hygiene, and seeking medical advice when needed can help ensure quick recovery and protect your eye health.

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Is pink eye contagious?

Yes, viral and bacterial conjunctivitis are contagious, while allergic and irritant types are not.

How long does pink eye last?

Most cases improve within a few days to two weeks, depending on the cause and treatment.

Can pink eye heal on its own?

Viral pink eye often resolves without medication, but bacterial cases may need antibiotics.

Can I wear contact lenses during pink eye?

No. Contact lenses should be avoided until the infection has fully cleared.

About the Author

Asma Safdar is a licensed pharmacist and health content writer dedicated to sharing evidence-based information on diseases, symptoms, prevention, and healthy lifestyle practices. She writes in simple, clear language to help readers make informed health decisions. The content on this website is intended for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice.

Medical Disclaimer

This article is for educational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice. The author, a licensed healthcare professional, aims to provide accurate and evidence-based information. Readers should consult a doctor for diagnosis and personalized treatment. 

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