Hemorrhoids: Causes, Symptoms, and Effective Treatments

Hemorrhoids, also known as piles, are swollen veins in the lower rectum and anus that can cause discomfort, itching, and sometimes bleeding. They are common in adults and can affect both men and women. While often not dangerous, they can be painful and affect your daily life. Understanding their causes, symptoms, and treatment options can help you manage and prevent them effectively.

---

What Are Hemorrhoids?

Everyone has hemorrhoidal tissue at birth, but they usually become noticeable when the veins swell. Hemorrhoids can appear inside the rectum or around the anus, causing a variety of symptoms:

• Pain or soreness

• Itching or irritation

• Bleeding during bowel movements

• Swelling or a lump near the anus

Hemorrhoids are particularly common during pregnancy, due to pressure on pelvic veins, and in people who strain during bowel movements, sit for long periods, or have a low-fiber diet.

---

Types of Hemorrhoids

Internal Hemorrhoids

• Located inside the rectum, often painless

• May bleed during bowel movements

• Can prolapse (stick out) but often return naturally

External Hemorrhoids

• Develop under the skin around the anus

• Can be itchy, painful, or sensitive

• May form blood clots (thrombosed hemorrhoids)

Prolapsed Hemorrhoids

• Internal hemorrhoids that push outside the anus

• Can usually be gently pushed back inside

Thrombosed Hemorrhoids

• External hemorrhoids with a blood clot

• Appear blue or purple and are very painful

---

Causes of Hemorrhoids

Hemorrhoids develop due to increased pressure on rectal veins. Common causes include:

• Chronic constipation or diarrhea

• Straining during bowel movements

• Sitting for long periods, especially on the toilet

• Pregnancy and childbirth

• Low-fiber diet

• Heavy lifting or strenuous activity

• Being overweight

Age is also a factor; adults between 45–65 are more likely to experience hemorrhoids, though they can affect all age groups.

---

Symptoms to Watch For

• Painless bleeding during bowel movements (internal hemorrhoids)

• Itchy or irritated skin around the anus

• Painful lumps or swelling (external hemorrhoids)

• Pain while sitting or during bowel movements

• Protrusion of tissue outside the anus

Most hemorrhoids are not life-threatening, but bleeding or severe pain should prompt a visit to your doctor.

---

How Are Hemorrhoids Diagnosed?

Doctors diagnose hemorrhoids through:

• Physical examination of the anus and rectum

• Digital rectal exam (gloved finger check)

• Anoscopy: a lit tube examines the rectum

• Sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy for severe cases or to rule out other conditions

---

Treatment Options

1. Home Remedies

• Eat high-fiber foods to prevent straining

• Soak in a warm sitz bath for 10–15 minutes, 2–3 times a day

• Apply topical creams or pads containing witch hazel or hydrocortisone

• Take over-the-counter painkillers for temporary relief

2. Medications

• Creams, ointments, or suppositories with lidocaine or hydrocortisone

• Fiber supplements like psyllium or methylcellulose to soften stool

3. Medical Procedures

• Rubber Band Ligation: cuts off blood supply to the hemorrhoid

• Sclerotherapy: injection to shrink hemorrhoid tissue

• Surgical removal for severe or persistent cases

Always consult a doctor before procedures or prolonged medication use. For more detailed information on hemorrhoid symptoms, causes, and treatment options, you can visit the Mayo Clinic’s Hemorrhoids Overview.

---

Prevention Tips

• Eat a high-fiber diet with fruits, vegetables, and whole grains

• Drink plenty of water

• Avoid prolonged sitting and take short walks daily

• Use the toilet as soon as you feel the urge

• Maintain a healthy weight and exercise regularly

Eating plenty of fiber and staying hydrated can prevent constipation and reduce the risk of hemorrhoids. Learn more about managing chronic constipation for long-term digestive health.

---

Frequently asked Questions (FAQs)

1. Are hemorrhoids dangerous?
No, most hemorrhoids are not life-threatening, but persistent bleeding should be checked by a doctor.

2. How long do hemorrhoids last?
Mild hemorrhoids often improve within a week with home care. Severe cases may require medical treatment.

3. Can pregnancy cause hemorrhoids?
Yes, pregnancy increases pressure on pelvic veins, making hemorrhoids more likely.

4. What foods help prevent hemorrhoids?
High-fiber foods like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and plenty of water help reduce constipation and prevent hemorrhoids.

5. When should I see a doctor for hemorrhoids?
Seek medical advice if you experience severe pain, bleeding, thrombosis, or if symptoms don’t improve with home care.

About the Author

Asma Safdar is a licensed pharmacist and health content writer dedicated to sharing evidence-based information on diseases, symptoms, prevention, and healthy lifestyle practices. She writes in simple, clear language to help readers make informed health decisions. The content on this website is intended for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice.

Medical Disclaimer

This article is for educational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice. The author, a licensed healthcare professional, aims to provide accurate and evidence-based information. Readers should consult a doctor for diagnosis and personalized treatment.